§5.  United States Constitution.  That the Constitution, and, except as otherwise provided, all the laws of the United States, including laws carrying general appropriations, which are not locally inapplicable, shall have the same force and effect within the said Territory as elsewhere in the United States; Provided, That sections 1841 to 1891, inclusive, 1910 and 1912, of the Revised Statutes, and the amendments thereto, and an act entitled "An act to prohibit the passage of local or special laws in the Territories of the United States, to limit Territorial indebtedness, and for other purposes," approved July 30, 1886, and the amendments thereto, shall not apply to Hawaii. [Am May 27, 1910, c 258, §1, 36 Stat 443; April 12, 1930, c 136, 46 Stat 160; June 6, 1932, c 209, §116(b), 47 Stat 205]

  Compare U.S. Rev. Sts. §1891.

  The federal Constitution and laws were first formally extended to Hawaii by this §, 190 U.S. 197.  See also the note to §3.  On the application of these to Hawaii after enactment of Org. Act, see, 121 Fed. 772; 13 H. 590; 1 U.S.D.C. Haw. 294; 20 H. 483; 327 U.S. 304.  Construction tending toward unconstitutionality is to be avoided if possible, 62 F.2d 13; 52 F.2d 411; 36 H. 206, 230.  A person not affected cannot raise invalidity:  24 H. 100; 33 H. 194; 36 H. 661, 709; 39 H. 67.  Acceptance of benefits of law as estoppel of claim of invalidity:  33 H. 813.  Burden is on party asserting unconstitutionality:  35 H. 855, aff'd 130 F.2d 786.  Constitutional questions decided only where necessary for decision of cases:  33 H. 180; 38 H. 346; waiver:  33 H. 813.  Time of raising constitutional questions:  39 H. 287.

  In general, while the legislative power of Congress over a territory, whether exercised directly or through a territorial legislature, is often said to be plenary, and is not limited by such specific provisions as the apportionment clause in respect of direct taxation and the uniformity clause in respect of indirect taxation, which control legislation for national purposes, yet the power is subject to some constitutional limitations, but just what provisions of the Constitution are operative in such cases is not fully determined; inhibitions which go to the root of the power of Congress to act at all, irrespective of time or place, such as that no bill of attainder or ex post facto law or law respecting the establishment of a religion shall be passed, apply; also fundamental limitations respecting personal and property rights apply by inference and the general spirit of the Constitution rather than expressly or directly:  136 U.S. 1, 44; 182 U.S. 244, 277, 291, 294; 195 U.S. 138, 146; the trial and grand jury provisions, as well as doubtless other provisions, apply to territory incorporated but not to territory unincorporated as an integral part of the United States--the status being determined by statute or treaty: 258 U.S. 298, 304‑5, 313, and cases there cited.  See also 258 U.S. 101, 112.  Congressional delegation of taxing power to territorial legislature, see note to §55.

  Art. III, §2, or Art. I, §8, U.S. Const. not violated by workmen's compensation act as applied to injury on ship by workman under non-maritime contract, 26 H. 737.

  Interstate Commerce, merchandise licenses, 13 H. 286.  Not involved when Congress has validated the territorial law.  305 U.S. 306, affg. 96 F.2d 412 and 33 H. 890.  Taxation by Territory of radio station not encroachment upon commerce clause, 40 H. 121, aff. 216 F.2d 700.

  Art. IV, full faith and credit, 24 H. 239.

  1st Amendment.  Riot and unlawful assembly law, valid, 37 H. 625; questioned 82 F. Supp. 104.

  4th Amendment.  Searches and seizures:  20 H. 71; 22 H. 597; questioned 26 H. 336; 23 H. 250; 26 H. 331; 28 H. 173.  If officer was violating 4th Amendment this would not justify homicide.  35 H. 232, aff'd 119 F.2d 936, CCA holding there was no violation of the Constitution.

  5th Amendment.  Applies to Territory.  273 U.S. 284; 28 H. 43; 28 H. 88.  (See, 30 H. 526; 31 H. 678, 696; 35 H. 855, aff. 130 F.2d 786.)

  Territory may not regulate food prices, 24 H. 485, but see 256 U.S. 170.

  A physician's license fee law, invalid, 17 H. 389; veterinary license fees, invalid, 19 H. 99; banking license fees, valid, 19 H. 262; auctioneer's license fees, valid, 19 H. 651, aff. 226 U.S. 184, 191, 57 L. ed. 180; chauffeur's license not ex post facto, 22 H. 103.  Beer licenses:  1 U.S.D.C. Haw. 206.  Artesian wells, 30 H. 912.  Foreign language school law invalid, 7 F.2d 710, 273 U.S. 284, 71 L. ed. 646.  Guardianship of minors, 32 H. 479.  Health, disbarring physician sustained, 31 H. 625, aff. 52 F.2d 411.  Laundries, 4 H. 335; 10 H. 491; 27 H. 253.  Loitering law of 1929 invalid, 31 H. 459, aff. 48 F.2d 171.  Photographers:  33 H. 397.  Public utilities:  34 H. 52; 305 U.S. 306, affg. 96 F.2d 412, and 33 H. 890.  Fisheries:  35 H. 608.  Hit and run driving:  36 H. 32.  Mutual benefit societies, 36 H. 206, 230.  Ordinance, 28 H. 222.  Sanitation, 21 H. 314.

  Law against employer deducting wages, etc., valid, 23 H. 176.  Workmen's compensation law, valid, 24 H. 97; see also, 26 H. 737; 28 H. 383.  Law against trading stamps, invalid, 17 H. 331.  Emigrant agents, 20 H. 483; cutting trees, regulation, invalid, 13 H. 272, but see limitation of damages, 19 H. 468.

  Taxation:  Taxable value assessed to lessee of public land, 23 H. 621; double taxation not necessarily invalid, 16 H. 603.  General tax exemption, repealable, 19 H. 193; stamp tax 1 U.S.D.C. Haw. 86; 14 H. 431.  Inheritance tax classifications: 19 H. 531.  Inheritance tax:  31 H. 196.  Weight tax:  31 H. 726, affd 54 F.2d 313.  Taxing salaries of federal employees:  130 F.2d 786, affg. 35 H. 855.  Tax appeal does not raise constitutional law issue (prior to amendment of statute):  34 H. 515.  A tax is not an assessment of benefits:  305 U.S. 306, affg. 96 F.2d 412, and 33 H. 890.

  Assessments for street improvements, valid, 24 H. 524; 25 H. 69; 25 H. 180; 28 H. 298.

  Subdivision of property:  29 H. 62.

  Eminent domain, compensation must be reasonable, 1 U.S.D.C. Haw. 183; for private use, invalid, 13 H. 215.  Payment to grantor where a deed was given pending condemnation does not violate am., 31 H. 781 also 787, aff. 61 F.2d 896.  See 182 F.2d 172.  No constitutional right to jury trial, 188 F.2d 459.

  Criminal cases:  "Twice in jeopardy" 27 H. 270.  Privilege against incrimination, 40 H. 65.  Incrimination, waived, 24 H. 621, see also, 3 U.S.D.C. Haw. 491.  Confession:  188 F.2d 54.  Trivial offense:  27 H. 844.  Manslaughter:  29 H. 7.  Confrontation:  36 H. 42.  Compulsory fingerprinting:  34 H. 459.  Conviction for embezzlement under charge of larceny, invalid, 26 H. 725.  Systematic discrimination in drawing of jury violates due process clause:  118 F.2d 667.  Provisions relating to persons present at gambling games do not violate due process clause, 40 H. 257.

  6th Amendment.  As to juries and jury trials see §83 and note.  "Public trial" applicable, 28 H. 431.  "Speedy trial," 16 H. 751.  Confrontation, testimony at former trial, 23 H. 421.  Confrontation may be waived, 33 F.2d 396; 36 H. 42.  Commitment of insane without jury is valid, 19 H. 346, 535, 576, 647.  Waiver of jury in felony case:  33 H. 113; 33 H. 813 (waiver of constitutional issues).  Insufficient indictment:  35 H. 324, 334.  Validity of accusation, 152 F.2d 933.

  7th Amendment.  Unanimity of jury waived, 13 H. 705.  This amendment is in force in Hawaii, 21 H. 229; 30 H. 860.  See 228 U.S. 364.  Guardianship proceedings in insanity cases not suits at common law where value is in controversy, 39 H. 39.  Not applicable to suits in equity, 40 H. 269.

  8th Amendment.  Imprisonment in county jail for contempt not "cruel and unusual," 1 U.S.D.C. Haw. 69; nor is imprisonment there for misdemeanors "infamous," 17 H. 428.  Compelling such to work in public in jail uniform is infamous, 17 H. 168.  Whipping as "cruel" etc. see 31 H. 982.

  13th Amendment.  Restraint for purposes of prostitution is "involuntary servitude," 1 U.S.D.C. Haw. 434.

  14th Amendment.  13 H. 590, 598; does not invalidate law prohibiting minors in places where liquor is sold, 15 H. 607.  Fish laws, 28 H. 43.  Punishment, 28 H. 88.  Unwarranted delegation of power, 28 H. 534.  Taxation, ironclad uniformity not required, 30 H. 685 and 795, aff. 36 F.2d 159.  Also see cases under 5th Am. supra.  Foreign language schools, 11 F.2d 710, 273 U.S. 284.  General demurrer does not raise issue of discrimination through grant of an exemption, 33 H. 180.  See 130 F.2d 786, affg. 35 H. 855, as to charge of discrimination in taxation.  Police power:  33 H. 397; 34 H. 459 (fingerprinting).  Due process:  (taxis) 34 H. 52; 35 H. 608.  (Rulings of court) 160 F.2d 289.

  Courts-Martial:  have jurisdiction under 2nd and 12th Art. of War to try soldier under 96th Art. of War with violating a territorial statute, 13 F.2d 348.

  National banking laws apply to Hawaii but not to banks existing in Hawaii prior to this act:  23 Ops. 177.  Prohibition of organization of national bank with capital less than $200,000 in city with population over 50,000 does not apply to Schofield Barracks having a less population although it is part of a city and county having a greater population:  31 Ops. 120.  Shipping Act conferred on Shipping Board, to exclusion of territorial public utilities commission, jurisdiction to regulate rates of common carriers by water between territorial ports:  24 H. 136; similar ruling as to jurisdiction of Interstate Commerce Commission over telephone rates in Hawaii:  26 H. 508.  But P.U.C. has investigatory powers over water carriers notwithstanding Shipping Act:  305 U.S. 306, affg. 96 F.2d 412 and 33 H. 890.

  Honolulu is a "port or place in the United States" within meaning of 46 U.S.C.A. 289, forbidding transportation of passengers by foreign vessel.  36 Ops. Atty. Gen. 352.

  First Federal Employer's Liability Act, being separable, was valid in territories though not in states:  215 U.S. 87; but otherwise as to child labor law, because inseparable:  33 Ops. 374.  Agricultural Marketing Act (46 Stat 11) extends to Hawaii, 36 Ops. 326; but certain acts relating to agricultural experiment stations do not, 35 Ops. 54.  Federal law disqualifying district judges applies to Hawaii although not strictly workable as to procedure:  4 U.S.D.C. Haw. 1.  The Edmunds Act is applicable to Hawaii and adultery is punishable under either the Federal or Territorial laws:  3 U.S.D.C. Haw. 262; 3 U.S.D.C. Haw. 517; but an acquittal or conviction in either the federal or the territorial court will bar a trial in the other:  3 U.S.D.C. Haw. 295.  Extension of Edmunds Act to Hawaii did not repeal local law against fornication:  19 H. 201.

  White Slave Traffic Act applies to Hawaii since it applies to territories, though Hawaii not enumerated in definition of "territory" in the Act, 125 F.2d 95.  See 42 C. Cls. R. 57, on application to Hawaii, before this § was amended, of federal laws relating to territories generally.  Federal liquor prohibition laws in effect in Hawaii repealed Mar. 26, 1934, c 88, 48 Stat 467.  For application of other provisions of the Federal Constitution and laws to Hawaii, see note to Joint Resolution of Annexation, RLH 1955, page 13, and notes to other sections of this act, especially §§4, 6, 10, 45, 55, 73, 81, 83, 86, 101.  Referred to also in 13 H. 20, 556, 706; 16 H. 253; 18 H. 255, 539; 19 H. 17; 21 H. 241; 25 H. 688; 108 Fed. 113; 114 Fed. 849; 122 Fed. 587, 776; 23 Ops. 177, 346; 1 U.S.D.C. Haw. 49, 88, 91; 3 U.S.D.C. Haw. 66.